(10.1) A change in all material things is always the result of one or more causes. The effect causing a change may become the cause of a subsequent effect of change. Indeed, the time present physical state of a thing is the result of a chain of cause and effects changes in it.

(10.2) A cause producing a effect in time present for which no time interval is observed to have occurred we shall call a spontaneous change . An example of spontaneous change is the change in magnitude of the gravitational force acting on two material thing which occurs spontaneously with no time interval over all distances when the distance between the things begin moving closer or further apart.

A second example of spontaneous change is that which occurs in entangle quantum particles for which changes in the entangle particles occurs spontaneously over all distance with no interval of time required for the change. Quantum entanglement is being used to increase the computational speed of quantum computers by elimination the interval of time required for electronic signals to move information from one component of the computer to another.

(10.3) A spontaneous change for which no predictable occurrence in time future is possible, we shall call probabilistic spontaneous change. Such probabilistic changes occur at the quantum level of materiality. Similarly, the death of a living thing is probabilistic spontaneous change with a near certainty of occurring but a more probabilistic certain of when. We know that they are likely to occur but not at what point in time future they will occur.

(10.4) The ultimate source of all cause is the unknown an likely unknowable first cause from which all others causes has no cause other than the existence of the Universal Supreme Being itself which, of course, is an indefensible axiomatic circular argument. That is, the first cause being the Universal Supreme Being is unknowable. But we do know that all changes we can know occur in compliance with the inviolate laws of nature.

That is, the Universal Supreme Being is the totality of all that is material for which cause and effect are observed.

Summation

(10) Cause and effect are the root source of all changes in all material things. The time present state of reality is the result of a chain of cause and effect changes.